{"id":577,"date":"2023-02-05T07:01:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T07:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/?page_id=577"},"modified":"2023-05-09T08:38:06","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:38:06","slug":"bugete-si-bani-publici","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/bugete-si-bani-publici\/","title":{"rendered":"Bugete \u0219i Bani Publici"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"577\" class=\"elementor elementor-577\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b380e7e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b380e7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5de09 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3d5de09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32afd77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"32afd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducere \u00een bugete \u0219i bani publici<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e61721d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e61721d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e70de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"26e70de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76588c elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"d76588c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-Money-2\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9452bca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9452bca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11d4667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"11d4667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n    h2 {\n        text-align: center;\n        margin-top:15vh;\n        background-color: #121414;\n        color: #A2FF71;\n    }\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d917c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d917c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Despre ra\u021biunea de a fi a acestui mic ghid<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie doar un document contabil, ci unul care relev\u0103 o viziune anume pentru viitor. Bugetul nu este a\u0219adar o alocare efectiv\u0103, ci mai degrab\u0103 o previziune pentru viitor. Formatul de prezentare a datelor bugetare este standardizat prin lege \u0219i apar informa\u021bii foarte redundante. De aceea, la prima vedere, un buget public e greoi de citit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8caf5c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c8caf5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-824d0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"824d0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acest mic ghid \u00ee\u021bi va ar\u0103ta de ce e important s\u0103 ne alfabetiz\u0103m m\u0103car un pic atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de documentele acestea pe alocuri criptice prin care se ascund banii no\u0219tri. Nici jargonul bugetar nu trebuie s\u0103 te sperie: g\u0103se\u0219ti \u00een acest ghid \u0219i o sec\u021biune dedicat\u0103 terminologiei specifice. Nu ne a\u0219tept\u0103m s\u0103 devii expert \u00een bugete. Vrem doar ca tot mai mul\u021bi cet\u0103\u021beni\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026s\u0103-\u0219i formeze o pereche de ochi vigilen\u021bi \u00een a citi Excel-urile autorit\u0103\u021bilor publice\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u00e2nd \u0219i ce s\u0103 cear\u0103 cu privire la transparen\u021ba bugetar\u0103.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026s\u0103 cear\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 participe, informat, la dezbateri pe buget<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026s\u0103 poat\u0103 ini\u021bia un dialog constructiv \u0219i \u00een cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 de cauz\u0103 cu autorit\u0103\u021bile\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consult\u0103 \u0219i materialele educa\u021bionale dezvoltate \u0219i \u00een cadrul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/funky.ong\/dezvoltarea-capacitatii-de-advocacy-a-ong-in-politicile-fiscale-si-bugetare\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">proiectului CMTRFB<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b28f47 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8b28f47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/its.funky.ong\/bugeteRF\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cite\u0219te ca PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4ed471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4ed471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>\u0218tii care sunt cele trei \u00eendatoriri pe care le ai \u00een postura de cet\u0103\u021bean?\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rom\u00e2nii au, conform Constitu\u021biei Rom\u00e2niei, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocumentAfis\/47355#id_capA296_ttl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trei obliga\u021bii mari \u0219i late<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: s\u0103-\u0219i apere \u021bara, s\u0103 respecte drepturile celorlal\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103-\u0219i pl\u0103teasc\u0103 taxele.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457ebc8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"457ebc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-936aeb2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"936aeb2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72f7a6 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"e72f7a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-percent\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a051a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a4a051a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e359374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e359374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F\u0103r\u0103 banii pe care autorit\u0103\u021bile \u00eei colecteaz\u0103 prin taxe \u0219i impozite (pe cas\u0103, pe ma\u0219in\u0103, pe venit) de la persoane fizice \u0219i juridice, func\u021bionarea localit\u0103\u021bii tale ar fi imposibil\u0103. Cineva trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru tot ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 aparatul public, de la \u00eenc\u0103lzirea sediului Prim\u0103riei \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la salariul primarului, judec\u0103torului sau profesorului. Sumele nu-s deloc mici, ba chiar unele cercet\u0103ri zic c\u0103-s cam printre cele mai mari din Europa pe anumite aspecte ce \u021bin de munc\u0103<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: dac\u0103 ai un PFA sau o companie, \u00ee\u021bi pl\u0103te\u0219ti singur taxele de ceva timp \u0219i \u0219tii c\u0103 dintr-un salariu brut r\u0103m\u00e2i, \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, cu aproape jum\u0103tate.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bfe4dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8bfe4dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7f4603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7f4603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transparen\u021ba bugetar\u0103 este o precondi\u021bie pentru ca noi, cet\u0103\u021benii, s\u0103 putem participa \u00een procesul bugetar, \u00eens\u0103, dac\u0103 nu \u00een\u021belegem procesul, cum am putea cere mai mult\u0103 transparen\u021b\u0103?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a12b5f4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a12b5f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41a3244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41a3244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>De ce e important\u0103 transparen\u021ba \u0219i participarea \u00een cele bugetare?<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zicala cu \u201eochii care nu se v\u0103d se uit\u0103\u201d e valabil\u0103 \u0219i \u00een rela\u021bia dintre cet\u0103\u021beanul pl\u0103titor de taxe \u0219i acei oameni care gestioneaz\u0103 banii din aceste taxe: dac\u0103 nu-i tragem de m\u00e2nec\u0103 adesea pe primari \u0219i consilieri, o s\u0103 uite c\u0103 rolul lor e de a administra banul public \u0219i poate c\u0103 vor \u00eencepe s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 pot face ce vor. Adu-le des aminte c\u0103 banii aceia sunt ai no\u0219tri, ai tuturor, \u0219i c\u0103 ei sunt pu\u0219i \u00een acea func\u021bie doar pentru a-i cheltui cu cap, nu pentru a-ii aloca pe baz\u0103 de priete\u0219uguri. Apropo, s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u0103 \u0219i fondurile europene sunt tot fonduri publice.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guvernul influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct bun\u0103starea cet\u0103\u021benilor atunci c\u00e2nd hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te ce impozite trebuie percepute, ce servicii s\u0103 furnizeze sau c\u00e2t de mult se \u00eendatoreaz\u0103. Deciziile bugetare au impact mai ales \u00een r\u00e2ndul categoriilor cele mai defavorizate. Vor avea cet\u0103\u021benii cei mai vulnerabili oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru o via\u021b\u0103 mai bun\u0103 \u00een urma acestor deciziilor bugetare? Cresc \u0219ansele ca r\u0103spunsul s\u0103 fie \u201eda\u201d, dac\u0103 guvernele informeaz\u0103 proactiv \u0219i implic\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat publicul \u00een luarea acestor decizii vitale care le afecteaz\u0103 via\u021ba.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mai mult, deschiderea bugetelor vine la pachet cu o democra\u021bie mai incluziv\u0103 \u0219i economii mai stabile, atr\u0103g\u0103toare pentru investitori. \u021a\u0103rile care \u00ee\u0219i deschid bugetele au deficit mai mic, costuri de \u00eemprumut mai mici, bugete mai credibile, institu\u021bii democratice mai puternice, colectarea de venituri mai solid\u0103 \u0219i rezultate de dezvoltare mai bune.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h2>Principii esen\u021biale<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul e locul \u00een care se face \u0219i se desface, inclusiv la nivel local. Dac\u0103 vrei o schimbare la tine \u00een comunitate, de pild\u0103 o pist\u0103 de biciclete, e important s\u0103 te asiguri c\u0103 deciden\u021bii cuprind aceast\u0103\u00a0 nou\u0103 investi\u021bie \u00een buget. Iar dac\u0103 vei auzi c\u0103 \u201enu sunt bani\u201d, spune-le c\u0103 se pot finan\u021ba cheltuieli noi prin atragerea de noi resurse la buget sau prin prioritizarea celor existente.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca orice buget, \u0219i bugetele publice sunt compuse din <\/span><b>cheltuieli + venituri<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La cele din urm\u0103, taxele au cea mai mare pondere. Dar se pot atrage fonduri \u0219i din noi surse: se pot vinde bunuri \u0219i servicii, se poate exploata proprietarea public\u0103, se pot face privatiz\u0103ri sau se pot depune cereri de finan\u021bare nerambursabile \u00een diverse programe europene (fondurile europene).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De regul\u0103, autorii bugetului \u021bin la anumite <\/span><b>principii tradi\u021bionale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, precum\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">separarea cheltuielilor de investi\u021bii de cele curente prin<\/span><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">partea de func\u021bionare a bugetului, partea de baz\u0103, obligatorie prin lege, care cuprinde veniturile necesare acoperirii cheltuielile curente + cheltuielile respective<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partea de dezvoltare a bugetului, partea complementar\u0103 care cuprinde veniturile pentru cheltuielile de capital, potrivit politicilor de dezvoltare la nivel na\u021bional, regional, zonal sau local, dup\u0103 caz, precum \u0219i cheltuielile de capital respective, pe baz\u0103 de programe \u0219i proiecte<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">specializarea \u00een clasifica\u021bii bugetare<\/span><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pe domenii (clasifica\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 &#8211; de pild\u0103 educa\u021bie, transporturi)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pe tipuri de cheltuieli (clasifica\u021bie economic\u0103 &#8211; cheltuieli de personal, bunuri, servicii)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">faptul c\u0103 toate veniturile acoper\u0103 toate cheltuielile\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">principiul anualit\u0103\u021bii (cheltuie\u0219ti banii sau \u00eei pierzi).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principiile mai moderne vor s\u0103 aduc\u0103 un plus de stabilitate, transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, performan\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de investi\u021biile publice. Aceste deziderate se pot atinge prin bugetare f\u0103cut\u0103 cu mintea \u00een cap, \u00een baza unei strategii care ia \u00een calcul inclusiv elemente mai macro-economice, obiective pe termen mediu sau bugetarea pe programe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regulile spun c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile locale vor prezenta un buget centralizat \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit pe din patru:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul \u00eemprumuturilor interne<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06f812f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06f812f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1105\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic.png 1920w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/buget-local-egal-venituri-plus-cheltuieli-infografic-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b449c1a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b449c1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca22d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eca22d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul fondurilor externe nerambursabile\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul institu\u021biilor publice \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bilor finan\u021bate integral sau par\u021bial din venituri proprii\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul local<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Cum ne uit\u0103m la un buget?\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca s\u0103 citim un buget, trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tim \u00eent\u00e2i ce c\u0103ut\u0103m. Vrem s\u0103 \u0219tim c\u00e2\u021bi bani sunt cheltui\u021bi pentru un domeniu? Atunci trebuie s\u0103 urm\u0103rim clasifica\u021bia func\u021bional\u0103. Vrem s\u0103 \u0219tim c\u00e2\u021bi bani sunt cheltui\u021bi pe o anumit\u0103 destina\u021bie, indiferent de domeniu (de exemplu, c\u00e2\u021bi bani dau pe carburan\u021bi toate institu\u021biile, indiferent de domeniul lor de activitate)? Atunci ne uit\u0103m \u00een clasifica\u021bia economic\u0103. Clasifica\u021biile sunt un fel de catalog care ne ghideaz\u0103 \u00een bugete. Ele cuprind capitole mari, sub-capitole \u0219i alte detalieri. Clasifica\u021biile bugetare sunt standard \u0219i trebuie respectate de toate institu\u021biile publice atunci c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u0219i fac bugetele. Principalele \u201ecapitole\u201d bugetare sunt relativ constante (de exemplu, domeniul \u201etransporturi\u201d sau \u201echeltuieli de personal\u201d se reg\u0103sesc de ani de zile \u00een bugete \u0219i probabil vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne acolo mult\u0103 vreme de aici \u00eencolo). Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i actualiz\u0103ri, a\u0219a c\u0103 este bine s\u0103 consult\u0103m mereu <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mfinante.gov.ro\/ro\/domenii\/bugetul-de-stat\/clasificatiile-bugetare\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lista actualizat\u0103 privind clasifica\u021biile bugetare.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Clasifica\u021bia func\u021bional\u0103<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2nd vine vorba de domeniile pe care le putem reg\u0103si \u00een buget, acestea sunt listate potrivit a\u0219a-numitei \u201eclasifica\u021bii func\u021bionale\u201d. Principalele domenii (care au la r\u00e2ndul lor sub-domenii) sunt:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Autorit\u0103\u0163i publice \u015fi ac\u0163iuni externe<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cercetare fundamental\u0103 \u015fi cercetare dezvoltare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alte servicii publice generale<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tranzac\u0163ii privind datoria public\u0103 \u015fi \u00eemprumuturi<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ap\u0103rare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ordine public\u0103 \u015fi siguran\u0163\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103n\u0103tate<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultur\u0103, recreere \u015fi religie<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asigur\u0103ri \u015fi asisten\u0163\u0103 social\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locuin\u0163e, servicii \u015fi dezvoltare public\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protec\u0163ia mediului<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ac\u0163iuni generale economice, comerciale \u015fi de munc\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combustibili \u015fi energie<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industria extractiv\u0103, prelucr\u0103toare \u015fi construc\u0163ii<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultur\u0103, silvicultur\u0103, piscicultur\u0103 \u015fi v\u00e2n\u0103toare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transporturi<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comunica\u0163ii<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cercetare \u015fi dezvoltare \u00een domeniul economic<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alte ac\u0163iuni economice<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Clasifica\u021bia economic\u0103<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2nd vine vorba despre destina\u021bia unor sume \u00een func\u021bie de natura lor, acestea sunt listate potrivit \u201eclasifica\u021biei economice\u201d. \u0218i aceste tipuri mari de cheltuieli sunt detaliate pe niveluri, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, de exemplu, la capitolul \u201eBunuri \u0219i servicii\u201d vom avea o sub-unitate de \u201ecarburan\u021bi \u0219i lubrifian\u021bi\u201d:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheltuieli de personal<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunuri \u015fi servicii<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dob\u00e2nzi<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subven\u0163ii<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fonduri de rezerv\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transferuri \u00eentre unit\u0103\u0163i ale administra\u0163iei publice<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alte transferuri<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proiecte Cu Finan\u0163are Din Fonduri Externe Nerambursabile (Fen) Postaderare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asisten\u0163\u0103 social\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alte cheltuieli<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheltuieli aferente programelor cu finan\u0163are rambursabil\u0103<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Active nefinanciare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Active financiare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fondul na\u0163ional de dezvoltare<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cemprumuturi<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramburs\u0103ri de credite<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pl\u0103\u0163i efectuate \u00een anii preceden\u0163i \u015fi recuperate \u00een anul curent<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Ce ar trebui s\u0103 se reg\u0103seasc\u0103 \u00een bugete<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abordarea tradi\u021bionalist\u0103 este ca bugetarea s\u0103 se fac\u0103 \u201epe linie\u201d. E genul de bugetare g\u00e2ndit\u0103 administrativ, pe unit\u0103\u021bi ale administra\u021biei, mult prea contabil\u0103 ca abordare (\u201ebunuri \u0219i servicii cump\u0103rate\u201d), cu referin\u021b\u0103 doar la venituri \u0219i cheltuieli istorice, fapt ce limiteaz\u0103 acest tip de buget la un exerci\u021biu numeric. \u00cen abordarea modern\u0103 sunt folosite \u00eens\u0103 bugetarea pe programe sau cea bazat\u0103 pe performan\u021b\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Abordare pe linie bugetar\u0103<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Structur\u0103 pe programe<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Abordare bazat\u0103 pe performan\u021b\u0103<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aprobare pe fiecare linie bugetar\u0103<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetare pe programe (ex: mediu)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Include informa\u021bii despre obiective \u0219i rezultate a\u0219teptate pentru programe<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control al input-urilor<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Faciliteaz\u0103 prioritizarea cheltuielilor<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Responsabilitate pe rezultate (PNRR)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limit\u0103ri \u00een prioritizarea cheltuielilor<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sprijin\u0103 integrarea planificare &#8211; bugetare &#8211; execu\u021bie<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complexitate \u00een implementare<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f26098 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9f26098\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d06bce6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d06bce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Strategii \u0219i Instrumente<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ideile de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/educatie-civica\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">advocacy<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">propuse mai jos nu trebuie privite doar ca o modalitate prin care societatea civil\u0103 poate sta cu ochii pe autorit\u0103\u021bi. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 crearea unor strategii de observare \u0219i monitorizare a bugetelor, informa\u021biile din acest ghid pot servi \u0219i ca o baz\u0103 pentru \u00eenceperea unui dialog sau a unei colabor\u0103ri substan\u021biale cu autorit\u0103\u021bile locale.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Autorit\u0103\u021bile, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ONG-urile sau grupuri informale de cet\u0103\u021beni, pot colabora pentru a face bugetele locale mai u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles, mai accesibile \u0219i mai transparente pentru cet\u0103\u021beni. Beneficiile vin pentru ambele p\u0103r\u021bi: cet\u0103\u021benii vor sim\u021bi interesul autorit\u0103\u021bilor de a-i implica \u00een astfel de discu\u021bii, iar autorit\u0103\u021bile vor c\u00e2\u0219tiga \u00eencrederea cet\u0103\u021benilor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Analiza independent\u0103 a bugetului<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu ajutorul unor exper\u021bi \u00eentr-ale bugetului, cet\u0103\u021benii pot analiza bugetul propus de Primar, ca apoi s\u0103 comunice concluziile \u0219i \u00eengrijor\u0103rile lor primaruluiui \u0219i publicului larg, tocmai pentru a sus\u021bine eventuale schimb\u0103ri bugetare.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Bugetarea alternativ\u0103<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau un fel de \u201ecum ar fi putut s-arate\u201d bugetul ideal. Caut\u0103 s\u0103 scoat\u0103 \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 limit\u0103rile bugetului, cu focalizarea pe anumite sectoare \u0219i probleme din societate. Bugetarea alternativ\u0103 eviden\u021biaz\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, e\u0219ecul bugetului f\u0103cut de autorit\u0103\u021bi \u00een a servi interesele anumitor grupuri (cum ar fi femeile, copiii, persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i persoanele s\u0103race) sau abordeaz\u0103 aspecte problematice intersectoriale (de exemplu, conservarea mediului sau echitatea social\u0103). Dup\u0103 eviden\u021bierea acestor probleme care apar \u00een urma \u00eentocmirii bugetului de c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u021bi, cei care adopt\u0103 o astfel de strategie adopt\u0103 un buget alternativ care s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 nevoilor unor grupuri sau probleme specifice.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Raportarea \u0219i monitorizarea veniturilor publice<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are rolul de a informa cet\u0103\u021benii despre sursele \u0219i sumele veniturilor publice, dar \u0219i despre modul \u00een care ele sunt gestionate \u0219i utilizate de autorit\u0103\u021bi. Publicare acestor informa\u021bii este necesar\u0103 pentru cet\u0103\u021beni tocmai pentru a \u00een\u021belege valoarea resurselor financiare pe care le au la dispozi\u021bie autorit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i pentru a angaja guvernul \u00een problemele de finan\u021bare public\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Urm\u0103rirea cheltuielilor publice\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presupune urm\u0103rirea fluxului de resurse publice pentru furnizarea de bunuri \u0219i servicii publice, de la origine la destina\u021bie. Aceast\u0103 monitorizare poate contribui la detectarea blocajelor, a deficien\u021belor \u0219i\/sau a corup\u021biei \u00een transferul de bunuri \u0219i resurse publice \u0219i este un instrument esen\u021bial pentru ca autorit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i societatea civil\u0103 s\u0103 depun\u0103 eforturi pentru a asigura o gestiune financiar\u0103 public\u0103 transparent\u0103, responsabil\u0103 \u0219i eficace.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Deschiderea procesului de bugetare<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O deschidere a bugetelor locale este absolut necesar\u0103. Nu doar pentru c\u0103 o cere legea, ci \u0219i pentru c\u0103 la nivelul comunit\u0103\u021bilor locale exist\u0103 cea mai mult\u0103 nevoie de transparen\u021b\u0103, participare \u0219i monitorizare a priorit\u0103\u021bilor de cheltuire a banului public. Comunit\u0103\u021bile locale au, din p\u0103cate, mult prea pu\u021bine resurse pentru a nu implica cet\u0103\u021benii \u00een stabilirea principalelor direc\u021bii de bugetare.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avem multe legi \u0219i obliga\u021bii pe h\u00e2rtie, dar e \u0219i datoria noastr\u0103 s\u0103 tragem de m\u00e2nec\u0103 deciden\u021bii s\u0103 le respecte. Avem, de pild\u0103 un cadru fiscal-bugetar care nu se aplic\u0103 integral (mai precis criteriile de transparen\u021b\u0103, stabilitate, responsabilitate, echitate, eficien\u021b\u0103). De aceea, veniturile de care dispun autorit\u0103\u021bile locale sunt lipsite de predictibilitate \u015fi stabilitate. Iar de aici urmeaz\u0103 o reac\u021bie \u00een lan\u021b: avem o slab\u0103 eficacitate \u0219i calitate \u00een administra\u021bia public\u0103, avem parteneri social implica\u021bi de form\u0103, avem ini\u021biative importante adoptate f\u0103r\u0103 evalu\u0103ri de impact sau consult\u0103ri fire\u0219ti.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La nivelul administra\u021biei publice locale exist\u0103 o sumedenie de ini\u021biative care merg \u00eenspre direc\u021biile buget\u0103rii deschise. Din ce \u00een ce mai multe comunit\u0103\u021bi locale de diferite dimensiuni aleg s\u0103 implementeze ini\u021biative de bugetare participativ\u0103 sau ini\u021biative de dezbatere a bugetului local care merg mult dincolo de reglement\u0103rile minime legale. Mai mult, pentru unele dintre aceste autorit\u0103\u021bi locale exist\u0103 \u0219i angajamentul \/ voin\u021ba politic\u0103 de a face chiar mai mult \u00een direc\u021bia deschiderii procesului lor bugetar, \u00eens\u0103 de foarte multe ori au resurse insuficiente pentru a pilota sau scala aceste ini\u021biative.<\/span><\/p><h3>Principiile buget\u0103rii deschise:<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a aprecia c\u00e2t de deschis este sistemul bugetar, noi ne uit\u0103m la trei elemente (sunt indicatori macro, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/internationalbudget.org\/open-budget-survey\/country-results\/2021\/romania\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accepta\u021bi la nivel interna\u021bional<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">):<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec17908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ec17908\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569-1024x459.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1106\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569-1024x459.png 1024w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569-768x344.png 768w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/transparenta-supervizare-participare-principii-open-budget-survey-e1676009808569.png 1435w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba5210d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba5210d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transparen\u021b\u0103<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 are publicul acces la informa\u021biile legate de buget, la date deschise<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Participarea publicului<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 exist\u0103 oportunit\u0103\u021bi formale prin care cet\u0103\u021benii pot lua parte la procesul bugetar (inclusiv bugetare participativ\u0103)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supervizare bugetar\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; care este aportul legiuitorului (Consiliul local, jude\u021bean sau general la nivel local) sau al Cur\u021bii de Conturi (auditorul) \u00een tot procesul<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fire\u0219te, e bine ca orice bugetare s\u0103 fie bazat\u0103 pe programe \u0219i pe performan\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i orientat\u0103 spre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cele 17 SDGs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Sustainable Development Goals) ale ONU.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Contractarea deschis\u0103<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conceptul de open contracting (contractare deschis\u0103) reprezint\u0103 un ansamblu de norme \u015fi practici care au ca scop o mai mare transparen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi participare \u00een toate etapele procesului achizi\u0163iilor publice. \u201eOpen Contracting\u201d a ap\u0103rut ca o component\u0103 cheie \u00een cadrul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opengovpartnership.org\/members\/romania\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open Government Partnership<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mai ales din perspectiva implic\u0103rii cet\u0103\u0163enilor \u00een procesul de achizi\u0163ii publice. Odat\u0103 cu aderarea la acest parteneriat (Rom\u00e2nia a f\u0103cut-o \u00een 2011) \u0219i cu asumarea standardelor implicite, statul respectiv prime\u0219te informa\u021biile \u0219i instrumentele necesare atingerea angajamentelor. Mai mult de 50 de \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i ora\u0219e fac ast\u0103zi achizi\u021bii mai transparente \u0219i mai participative. Cum? Prin platforme online de achizi\u021bii publice care urmeaz\u0103 \u00eendeaproape standardele contract\u0103rii deschise sau prin interven\u021bii la nivel legislativ.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cf79b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9cf79b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-1024x464.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1107\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-1024x464.png 1024w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-1536x696.png 1536w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/digitalizare-interoperabilitate-inovatie-deschidere-principii-bugetare-deschisa-e1676009860148.png 1588w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a411ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a411ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 am putea convinge deciden\u021bii s\u0103 deschid\u0103 contractele de achizi\u021bii publice, am diminua considerabil pierderile \u0219i am reduce corup\u021bia \u00een domeniu, pe termen lung. Merit\u0103 s\u0103 lu\u0103m leg\u0103tura cu deciden\u021bii pentru a le propune acest plus de transparen\u021b\u0103. Ast\u0103zi, suferim de un management defectuos al contractelor publice: procedura achizi\u021biilor publice nu asigur\u0103 dezbaterea caietelor de sarcini \u0219i nici urm\u0103rirea prest\u0103rii serviciilor achizi\u021bionate, iar platforma SEAP nu e la standarde de transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i personalul care are contact direct cu achizi\u021biile nu e suficient de preg\u0103tit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Cere \u0219i \u021bi se va da<\/h3><p><b>Solicit\u0103 transparen\u021b\u0103 deplin\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prin \u00eendemnarea ale\u0219ilor la cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei \u0219i a exhaustivit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor privind execu\u021bia bugetar\u0103, inclusiv a tranzac\u021biilor \u0219i pl\u0103\u021bilor legate de achizi\u021biile publice \u0219i raportarea fondurilor extrabugetare (inclusiv ale companiilor locale). Informa\u021biile ar trebui s\u0103 fie publicate fie prin intermediul site-urilor web sau portalurilor existente, f\u0103r\u0103 a se a\u0219tepta o ve\u0219nicie pentru a fi data un site sau o sec\u021biune. Aceste informa\u021bii ar trebui, de asemenea, s\u0103 explice ajust\u0103rile bugetare, inclusiv cre\u0219terile \u0219i reducerile cheltuielilor planificate, sursele de finan\u021bare, detaliile privind obliga\u021biile datoriilor vechi \u0219i noi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Creeaz\u0103 pun\u021bi de dialog \u0219i transparen\u021b\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0219i mergi \u00een audien\u021b\u0103 la ale\u0219ii t\u0103i locali. Propune-le tu proiecte care ofer\u0103 mai mult\u0103 transparen\u021b\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale. Nimeni nu are de pierdut din astfel de proiecte. \u00cencrederea va fi consolidat\u0103 \u00een beneficiul ambelor p\u0103r\u021bi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Mergi la \u0219edin\u021bele <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consiliului local \/ General; <\/span><b>trimite observa\u021bii <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pentru proiectele de hot\u0103r\u00e2ri puse \u00een dezbatere public\u0103. De multe ori autorit\u0103\u021bile chiar vor s\u0103 afle \u0219i au nevoie de opinia cet\u0103\u021benilor pentru a afla astfel ce e cel mai bun pentru comunitate \u0219i unde sunt necesare cele mai mari investi\u021bii. <\/span><b>Cere-le ale\u0219ilor s\u0103 te implice <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00een procesul decizional, extinz\u00e2nd colaborarea cu societatea civil\u0103 pentru monitorizarea punerii \u00een aplicare a diverselor m\u0103surilor importante pe care le iau. Ca membri ai societ\u0103\u021bii civile, pute\u021bi ajuta autorit\u0103\u021bile s\u0103 efectueze controale la fa\u021ba locului pentru a se asigura c\u0103 finan\u021barea \u0219i serviciile ajung la beneficiarii viza\u021bi; la urm\u0103rirea implement\u0103rii politicilor publice \u0219i la monitorizarea riscurilor \u00een contractele de achizi\u021bii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94ee68a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94ee68a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2593574 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2593574\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e12e1f elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"4e12e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-hand-point-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd1de92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd1de92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-865bf2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"865bf2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contesta\u021bia la buget<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87851a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87851a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locuitorii unit\u0103\u0163ii administrativ-teritoriale pot depune contesta\u0163ii privind proiectul de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/banipublici.ro\/dictionar\/buget-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">buget<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00een termen de 15 zile de la data public\u0103rii sau afi\u015f\u0103rii acestuia. \u00cen 5 zile de la expirarea termenului de depunere a contesta\u0163iilor, proiectul bugetului local, \u00eenso\u0163it de raportul ordonatorului principal de credite \u015fi de contesta\u0163iile depuse de locuitori, este supus aprob\u0103rii autorit\u0103\u0163ilor deliberative, de c\u0103tre ordonatorii principali de credite. Autorit\u0103\u0163ile deliberative, \u00een termen de maximum 10 zile de la data supunerii spre aprobare a proiectului de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/banipublici.ro\/dictionar\/buget-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">buget<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> se pronun\u0163\u0103 asupra contesta\u0163iilor \u015fi adopt\u0103 proiectul bugetului local, dup\u0103 ce acesta a fost votat pe capitole, subcapitole, titluri, articole, alineate, dup\u0103 caz, \u015fi pe anexe.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 15 zile de la publicarea Legii bugetului de stat \u00een Monitorul Oficial al Rom\u00e2niei, se definitiveaz\u0103 proiectul bugetului local, care se public\u0103 \u00een presa local\u0103 sau se afi\u015feaz\u0103 la sediul unit\u0103\u0163ii administrativ-teritoriale.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12b5f98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"12b5f98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2de929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2de929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Legisla\u021bie esen\u021bial\u0103:<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politica fiscal-bugetar\u0103 este una destul de complicat\u0103 \u0219i tehnic\u0103, de aceea trebuie avut \u00een vedere care este cadrul legal aplicabil dac\u0103 vrem s\u0103 analiz\u0103m c\u00e2t de deschise sunt bugetele.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accesul la datele bugetare este garantat prin <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/31413\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea 544\/2001 privind liberul acces la informa\u021bii de interes public<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (art. 5 prevede publicarea din oficiu a surselor financiare, bugetului \u015fi bilan\u0163ului contabil de c\u0103tre fiecare autoritate sau institu\u021bie public\u0103), dar \u0219i specific prin <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/37954\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea 500\/2002 privind finan\u021bele publice<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (art. 9 define\u0219te principiul publicit\u0103\u021bii bugetare) \u0219i prin <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/73527\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea 273\/2006 privind finan\u021bele publice locale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (art. 8 define\u0219te principiul transparen\u021bei \u0219i publicit\u0103\u021bii).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca \u0219i \u00een cazul prevederilor privind publicitatea \u0219i transparen\u021ba bugetelor, cadrul legal care cuprinde prevederi care ar trebui s\u0103 asigure participarea la politica privind gestionarea banilor publici este foarte larg: <\/span><b>de la legisla\u021bia general\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cu inciden\u021b\u0103 pe gestionarea resurselor publice (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/41571\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea 52\/2003 privind transparen\u021ba decizional\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) p\u00e2n\u0103 la<\/span><b> prevederi specifice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/118059\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea nr. 69\/2010 a responsabilit\u0103\u021bii fiscal-bugetare<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/37954\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legea 500\/2002 privind finan\u021bele publice<\/span><\/a><b><br \/><\/b><\/p><h2>Surse de date<\/h2><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfinante.ro\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">www.mfinante.ro<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.data.gov.ro\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">www.data.gov.ro<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/transparenta-bugetara.gov.ro\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/transparenta-bugetara.gov.ro<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Site-ul Prim\u0103riei tale<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2>Terminologie:<\/h2><p><b>Angajament bugetar <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; orice act prin care o institu\u021bie institu\u021bia pune bani \u00een buget pentru o destina\u021bie concret\u0103 (\u00een limita creditelor bugetare aprobate)<\/span><\/p><p><b>Autoritate contractant\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; acele autorit\u0103\u0163i \u015fi institu\u0163iile publice centrale sau locale (inclusiv structurile din componen\u0163a lor) care au delegat\u0103 calitatea de ordonator de credite \u015fi care au stabilite competen\u0163e \u00een domeniul achizi\u0163iilor publice; organismele de drept public;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Buget general consolidat (BGC) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">toate bugetele \u00eentr-un singur loc. Care bugete? E vorba de:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul de stat (BS)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul asigur\u0103rilor sociale de stat (BASS, adic\u0103 banii de pensii)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetele fondurilor speciale (fonduri cum ar fi cel pentru \u0219omaj, pentru drumuri, etc.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul general centralizat al unit\u0103\u0163ilor administrativ-teritoriale<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul Trezoreriei Statului<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetele institu\u0163iilor publice autonome<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetele institu\u0163iilor publice finan\u0163ate integral sau par\u0163ial din bugetul de stat, din bugetul asigur\u0103rilor sociale de stat \u015fi din bugetele fondurilor speciale, dup\u0103 caz,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetele institu\u0163iilor publice finan\u0163ate integral din venituri proprii,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul fondurilor provenite din credite externe contractate sau garantate de stat \u015fi ale c\u0103ror rambursare, dob\u00e2nzi \u015fi alte costuri se asigur\u0103 din fonduri publice,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bugetul fondurilor externe nerambursabile, precum \u015fi al altor entit\u0103\u0163i clasificate \u00een administra\u0163ia public\u0103<\/span><span style=\"color: #a2ff71; font-family: var(--fontFamily); font-size: var(--fontSize); font-style: var(--fontStyle, inherit); letter-spacing: var(--letterSpacing); text-align: center; text-transform: var(--textTransform); background-color: #121414; text-decoration: var(--textDecoration);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Cheltuieli curente<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= cheltuielile normale de func\u021bionare<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Cheltuieli de capital<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= banii de investi\u021bii<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Cheltuieli de personal<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= banii da\u021bi pe salariile celor din sistemul public<\/span><span style=\"color: #a2ff71; font-family: var(--fontFamily); font-size: var(--fontSize); font-style: var(--fontStyle, inherit); letter-spacing: var(--letterSpacing); text-align: center; text-transform: var(--textTransform); background-color: #121414; text-decoration: var(--textDecoration);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Clasifica\u021bie economic\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; atunci c\u00e2nd, \u00eentr-un buget, ai cheltuileli grupate dup\u0103 natura \u0219i efectul lor economic. De exemplu, cheltuieli pentru bunuri \u0219i servicii, pentru personal, pentru investi\u021bii etc, indiferent de domeniu<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Clasifica\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; clasifica\u021bia mai lesne de \u00een\u021beles, cea \u00een care vedem chiar domeniile pe care se duc banii, de exemplu cheltuieli pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt, s\u0103n\u0103tate, transporturi, etc.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><b>Cod CPV <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vine de la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/simap.ted.europa.eu\/cpv\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common Procurement Vocabulary<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i e un efort de sistematizare a achizi\u021biilor publice la nivel european, obligatoriu de folosit \u00een UE din anul 2006. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Practic, este un simbol numeric specific unei anumit produs sau serviciu, care are o anumit\u0103 structur\u0103 ierarhic\u0103: diviziuni &gt; grupuri &gt; clase &gt; categorii. Astfel, fiecare produs e codificat printr-o serie 9 cifre care, dac\u0103 \u0219tii s\u0103 le cite\u0219ti, \u00ee\u021bi vor ar\u0103ta rapid cam despre ce tip de produs e vorba.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Cot\u0103 defalcat\u0103 din unele venituri ale bugetului de stat <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; procentul stabilit din unele venituri ale bugetului de stat, care se aloc\u0103 bugetelor locale, pe baza unei formule stabilite prin lege<\/span><\/p><p><b>Document justificativ <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; ar putea fi un bon, o chitan\u021b\u0103, o factur\u0103, practic &#8211; un document pe baza c\u0103ruia se fac \u00eenregistr\u0103ri \u00een jurnale, fi\u0219e \u0219i alte documente contabile, dup\u0103 caz<\/span><\/p><p><b>Deficit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; opusul excedentului bugetar &#8211; atunci c#nd veniturile sunt mai mici dec\u00e2t cheltuielile, deci datoria public\u0103 va fi mai mare.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Excedent <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; atunci c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti pe plus, adic\u0103 \u00eencasezi mai mult dec\u00e2t cheltuie\u0219ti, situa\u021bie \u00een care datoria public\u0103 e mai mic\u0103<\/span><\/p><p><b>Execu\u021bie bugetar\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; bugetul se face \u00eenaintea anului pentru care se face, dar execu\u021bia e cea care \u00ee\u021bi arat\u0103, concret, ce s-a \u00eencasat \u0219i ce s-a cheltuit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Lege bugetar\u0103 anual\u0103 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; lege care prevede \u015fi autorizeaz\u0103 pentru fiecare <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/banipublici.ro\/dictionar\/an-bugetar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an bugetar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> veniturile \u015fi cheltuielile bugetare, precum \u015fi reglement\u0103ri specifice exerci\u0163iului bugetar.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Licita\u021bie &gt; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u00e2nzare a unui bun f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een public, dup\u0103 reguli speciale, av\u00e2nd drept rezultat atribuirea obiectului de v\u00e2nzare persoanei care a oferit pre\u0163ul cel mai mare. \u00cen cazul unei licita\u021bii publice (unde se folosesc bani publici), situa\u021bia st\u0103 invers la atribuirea c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torului, adic\u0103 se iau \u00een calcul criterii precum pre\u0163ul cel mai sc\u0103zut sau cel mai bun raport calitate-pre\u0163.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Ordonator principal de credite<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &gt; practic, \u0219eful institu\u021biei sau, spus foarte formal, acele persoane care decid cum se folosesc banii care vin de la buget (au calitatea de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ordonatori bugetari<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p><p><b>SEAP \/ SICAP <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; Sistemul Electronic de Achizi\u021bii Publice, adic\u0103 locul \u00een care se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te cererea (de servicii \u0219i produse din partea autorit\u0103\u021bilor publice) cu oferta (din partea operatorilor economici). Sistemul poate fi accesat la adresa <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-licitatie.ro\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">www.e-licitatie.ro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i e locul online \u00een care statul ofer\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benilor transparen\u021b\u0103 \u00een procesul de achizi\u021bii publice. Un anun\u021b de participare trebuie publicat oric\u00e2nd o institu\u021bie public\u0103 dore\u0219te s\u0103 cumpere orice produs sau serviciu pe care trece peste un anumit prag (circa 55.000 euro).<\/span><\/p><p><b>Sumele defalcate <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; sumele defalcate pentru echilibrarea bugetelor locale \u015fi sumele defalcate cu destina\u0163ie special\u0103, alocate pentru finan\u0163area unor servicii publice descentralizate sau a unor noi cheltuieli publice.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Unitate administrativ-teritorial\u0103 (UAT) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; practic, o localitate cu o prim\u0103rie<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vezi mai mul\u021bi termeni pe <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/banipublici.ro\/dictionar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/banipublici.ro\/dictionar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h2>Cum ia na\u0219tere un buget local?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ecb4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ecb4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1111\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/proces-bugetar-ciclu-etape.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f10cf38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f10cf38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Procesul bugetar este unul circular (propunere &#8211; aprobare &#8211; execu\u021bie &#8211; audit) \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd vorbim despre bugete deschise \u0219i despre cum sunt implica\u021bi cet\u0103\u021benii sau al\u021bi actori \u00een acest proces, trebuie s\u0103 lu\u0103m toate aceste momente \u00een calcul pentru a vedea \u00een ce etape pot ace\u0219tia s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u0219i cum anume. \u00cen fiecare dintre momente, exist\u0103 unele documente care pot sta la baza analizei dechiderii procesului bugetar la acel moment.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exist\u0103 obliga\u021bia adopt\u0103rii bugetelor locale \u00een termen de 45 de zile de la data public\u0103rii bugetului de stat \u00een Monitorul Oficial.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Preg\u0103tirea bugetului:<\/b><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se face cu un an \u00eenainte de anul pentru care se bugeteaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencepe cu bugetul de stat, dup\u0103 alc\u0103tuirea c\u0103ruia se va adopta \u0219i bugetul fiec\u0103rei localit\u0103\u021bi:<\/span><\/i><b><\/b><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dezbatere public\u0103<\/b><b><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lunile mai-iunie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: despre sursele de venituri + eventualele proiec\u021bii de dezvoltare + marile capitole de cheltuieli \/investit\u021bi ale vitorului proiect de buget local<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Scrisoarea cadru<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 iunie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ministerul Finan\u021belor Publice trimite c\u0103tre Prim\u0103rie \u0219i Consiliul Local o scrisoare-cadru privind contextul macroeconomic pe baza c\u0103ruia vor fi \u00eentocmite proiectele de buget prognozate. A\u0219a apare un fel de prim draft care schi\u021beaz\u0103 ce bani sunt disponibili \u0219i cam care ar fi liniile prioritare.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Proiect de buget<\/b><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 iulie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: prim\u00e4ria trimite la Direc\u021bia General\u0103 de Finan\u021be Publice (DGFP) proiectul de buget + anexele + estim\u0103rile pentru urm\u0103torii trei ani.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la 15 iulie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: DGFP transmite proiectele bugetelor locale de pe ansamblul jude\u021bului la Ministerul Finan\u021belor Publice (MFP).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transferuri<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e5n\u0103 la 1 septembrie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Primarii depun la MFP propunerile de transferuri consolidate \u015fi de sume defalcate din unele venituri ale bugetului de stat<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Proiect de buget<\/b><\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la 30 septembrie:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> MFP, pe baza proiectelor de buget ale ordonatorilor principali de credite \u015fi a bugetului propriu, \u00eentocme\u015fte proiectele legilor bugetare \u015fi proiectele bugetelor, pe care le depune la guvern pentru prima lectur\u0103.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 noiembrie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MFP, pe baza prognozelor de toamn\u0103 ale Comisiei Na\u021bionale de Prognoz\u0103, definitiveaz\u0103 proiectele legilor bugetare anuale, pe care le depune la Guvern<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 pe 15 noiembrie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: dup\u0103 \u00eensu\u015firea de c\u0103tre Guvern a proiectelor legilor bugetare, acesta le supune spre adoptare Parlamentului, cel mai t\u00e2rziu p\u00e2n\u0103 la data de 15 noiembrie a fiec\u0103rui an.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dezbatere public\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00centre 1-15 noiembrie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, pentru a implica din timp cet\u0103\u021beni \u00een procesul de adoptare a bugetelor locale, se recomand\u0103 organizarea unei serii de dezbateri publice, pe marile capitole ale proiectului de buget local.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Adoptarea bugetului de stat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parlamentul adopt\u0103 legea, Pre\u0219edintele o promulg\u0103, iar Guvernul o public\u0103 \u00een Monitorul Oficial.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 5 zile de la pasul precedent<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MFP transmite c\u0103tre DGFP sumele defalcate \u0219i transferurile defalcabile.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 5 zile de la pasul precedent<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DGFP le transmit localit\u0103\u021bilor sumele defalcate \u015fi transferurile, \u00een vederea definitiv\u0103rii proiectelor de bugete locale<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 5 zile de la pasul precedent<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primarii definitiveaz\u0103 proiectele bugetelor locale, care se public\u0103 \u00een presa local\u0103 sau se afi\u015feaz\u0103 la sediul Prim\u0103riei \u0219i pe site-ul Prim\u0103riei. Acesta trebuie g\u00e2ndit ca un pachet bugetar ce este supus dezbaterii publice, inclusiv cu documentele suplimentare ce fac parte integrant\u0103 dintr-un buget local: bugetele institu\u021biilor finan\u021bate integral sau par\u021bial din venituri proprii, bugetul creditelor interne \u0219i externe, bugetul Fondurilor externe nerambursabile, lista obiectivelor de investi\u021bii, fundament\u0103rile.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 15 zile de la afi\u015fare<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locuitorii pot depune <\/span><b>contesta\u021bii <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fa\u021b\u0103 de proiectul de buget local<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen termen de 5 zile<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><b>Proiectul bugetului local<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u00eenso\u021bit de raportul primarului \u015fi de contesta\u021biile cet\u0103\u021benilor, e supus aprob\u00e4rii consiliului local.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consiliul se pronun\u021b\u0103 asupra contesta\u021biilor \u015fi adopt\u0103 <\/span><b>bugetul local<\/b><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Primarii transmit Direc\u021biilor Generale de Finan\u021be Publice bugetele locale aprobate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul final ar trebui publicat imediat dup\u0103 adoptarea sa \u00een Consiliu, integr\u00e2nd toate eventualele modific\u0103ri. \u0218i acesta ar trebui s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 toate documentele care formeaz\u0103 ansamblul bugetului: pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 bugetul local propriu-zis, bugetele institu\u021biilor finan\u021bate integral sau par\u021bial din venituri proprii, bugetul creditelor interne \u0219i externe, bugetul Fondurilor externe nerambursabile, lista obiectivelor de investi\u021bii, fundament\u0103rile.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Execu\u021bia bugetului<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se intampl\u0101 \u00een anul pentru care a fost conceput bugetul \u0219i se \u00eencheie negre\u0219it la 31 decembrie<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Publicarea programelor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen 30 zile de la aprobarea bugetului local<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: programul anual de investi\u021bii \u015fi programul anual de achizi\u021bii publice se aduc la cuno\u015ftin\u021ba publicului, \u00een extras separat de bugetul local aprobat<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Procedurile de contractare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 ce au decis ce nevoi exist\u0103, autorit\u0103\u021bile trebuie s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 furnizori care s\u0103 livreze implementarea acelor servicii, respectiv bunuri, dup\u0103 caz. Acest lucru se poate face prin achizi\u021bie direct\u0103 (dac\u0103 suma e un un anumit prag) sau prin procedur\u0103 Po\u021bi citi mai multe despre praguri \u00een Legea achizi\u021biilor Publice (98\/2016).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Redistribuire fonduri<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 la data de 31 octombrie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: primarul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/73527#id_artA954_ttl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">poate propune<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Consiliului Local aprobarea redistribuirii fondurilor \u00eentre proiectele \u00eenscrise \u00een programul de investi\u021bii.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Raportarea:<\/b><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se \u00eentampl\u0101 \u00een anul urm\u0101tor anului pentru care a fost conceput bugetul<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 pe 31 mai<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: primarii <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/73527#id_artA1103_ttl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00eentocmesc<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i prezint\u0103 spre aprobare consiliilor locale conturile anuale de execu\u021bie;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Curtea de Conturi are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocumentAfis\/157056#A151\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">atribu\u021bii de control<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i poate face inclusiv <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/73527\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">verific\u0103ri excep\u021bionale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (de pild\u0103 c\u00e2nd datoriile Prim\u0103riei dep\u0103\u0219esc 5% din totalul veniturilor estimate a fi \u00eencasate \u00een anul respectiv)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2>Cum pot cet\u0103\u021benii interveni \u00een fiecare etap\u0103 a bugetului?<\/h2><h3>Pre-proiect de buget<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, cet\u0103\u021benii pot fi consulta\u021bi cu privire la redactarea bugetului \u0219i pot face sugestii mai consistente, pentru c\u0103 se pot stabili principalele direc\u021bii prioritare pentru comunitate. Este etapa \u00een care putem g\u0103si primele indicii \u00een cazul \u00een care bugetul este unul nerealist (de exemplu, dac\u0103 prim\u0103ria estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i va majora veniturile cu 15% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent, \u00een contextul \u00een care cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 este de doar 1%, s-ar putea s\u0103 fie o problem\u0103). \u00cen plus, consiliul local\/jude\u021bean\/general poate solicita Prim\u0103riei s\u0103 existe o discu\u021bie sau dezbatere de principiu \u00eenc\u0103 de la momentul \u00een care este creionat bugetul. \u00cen felul acesta, ei sunt implica\u021bi \u00een procesul bugetar \u0219i se pot negocia compromisuri astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, la momentul ajungerii bugetului \u00een consiliu s\u0103 nu existe dec\u00e2t mici corec\u021bii pe acesta.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Ac\u021biuni concrete:<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cere\u021bi publicarea pre-proiectului de buget.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Merge\u021bi \u00een audien\u021be cu ale\u0219ii locali \u0219i propune\u021bi-le o astfel de abordare a etapei.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contacta\u021bi consilierii \u0219i s\u0103 pune\u021bi presiune pe ei pentru a ini\u021bia o astfel de dezbatere \u00een aceasta etap\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3>Proiectul de buget\u00a0<\/h3><p><b>De ce e important: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">acesta este principalul moment de implicare a cet\u0103\u021benilor \u00een procesul bugetar, \u00een special pentru c\u0103 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exist\u0103 \u0219i obliga\u021bia legal\u0103 de a avea dezbatere public\u0103<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i pentru c\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benii au ni\u0219te instrumente foarte specifice de interven\u021bie (contesta\u021bia la bugetul local). Tot acesta este momentul \u00een care se poate interveni fie prin analize privind veniturile \u0219i cheltuielile proiectate, fie prin propuneri concrete de modificare a bugetului prin includerea unor aloc\u0103ri, t\u0103ierea altora sau prioritizarea diferit\u0103 a resurselor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Transparen\u021b\u0103: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trebuie publicat obligatoriu \u0219i pus \u00een dezbatere public\u0103 conform Legii 273\/2006.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a cre\u0219te ni\u0219te autorit\u0103\u021bi locale responsabile:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cere\u021bi s\u0103 fie publicat cu cel pu\u021bin o lun\u0103 \u00eenainte de adoptare;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 fie publicat \u00een format deschis \/ editabil;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 ofere c\u00e2t mai multe informa\u021bii privind marjele de ac\u021biune pentru fiecare linie bugetar\u0103.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Participare<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, fiind \u00een dezbatere public\u0103, voi, cet\u0103\u021benii ave\u021bi dreptul s\u0103 trimite\u021bi contesta\u021bii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><br \/><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, pentru a implementa o practic\u0103 \u0219i mai transparent\u0103 \u0219i mai participativ\u0103 \u00een rela\u021bia dintre cet\u0103\u021beni \u0219i ale\u0219i, cere\u021bi:<\/span><\/p><br \/><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 se prezinte o variant\u0103 simplificat\u0103 pentru a decide priorit\u0103\u021bile;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 se organizeze dezbateri publice, inclusiv tematice;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 fie transmise live sau \u00eenregistrate \u0219i publicate pe site-ul institu\u021biei;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 se ofere un mecanism eficient de feedback cu privire la integrarea propunerilor venite de la cet\u0103\u021beni.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/td><td><p><b>Supervizare bugetar\u0103<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trebuie publicat obligatoriu \u0219i pus \u00een dezbaterea consiliului conform Legii 273\/2006 oricum.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><br \/><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 poate deveni doar o formalitate sau o ocazie de ciocnire politic\u0103, de aceea e important ca ale\u0219ii locali s\u0103:<\/span><\/p><br \/><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Faciliteze consult\u0103ri cu voi, cet\u0103\u021benii\/societatea civil\u0103 astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t eventualele amendamente s\u0103 aib\u0103 o astfel de acoperire;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consiliile s\u0103 realizeze amendamente \u00een consultare cu executivul, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 existe resurse bugetare pentru acestea;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 publice informa\u021biile legate din acest proces.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><br \/><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E important ca set\u0103rile de transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i colaborare s\u0103 fie stabilite c\u00e2t mai devreme \u0219i c\u00e2t mai sus, iar cet\u0103\u021benii pot avea un rol important \u00een asta.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>Bugetul aprobat<\/h3><p><b>Bugetul aprobat va fi document de referin\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd monitoriza\u021bi ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu cu bugetul local, \u00een execu\u021biile bugetare. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bugetul este doar o proiec\u021bie a modului \u00een care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se cheltuie banii, ceea ce nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 neap\u0103rat c\u0103 o s\u0103 reflecte \u0219i realitatea de la final de an. V\u0103 reamintim totu\u0219i c\u0103 ce nu este inclus \u00een buget nu poate fi nici cheltuit, bugetul fiind un document al c\u0103rui legitimitate este dat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 a fost aprobat \u201elegislativ\u201d, adic\u0103 de consiliul local.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Rectific\u0103rile bugetare<\/h3><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acestea trebuie s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 acelea\u0219i informa\u021bii \u0219i documente suport ca \u0219i \u00een cazul bugetelor ini\u021biale.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><b>De ce sunt importante: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rectific\u0103rile trebuie s\u0103 urmeze aceia\u0219i pa\u0219i ca \u0219i \u00een cazul bugetului ini\u021bial. De cele mai multe ori se sare direct la aprobare, \u00eens\u0103 fix acesta este un loc \u00een care ale\u0219ii locali pot schimba o practic\u0103 veche \u0219i p\u0103guboas\u0103 pentru c\u0103 bugetele aprobate ini\u021bial ajung de fapt s\u0103 nu mai aib\u0103 nicio credibilitate (pentru c\u0103 oricum sunt schimbate, f\u0103r\u0103 dezbatere, de nenum\u0103rate ori). \u00cencepe\u021bi c\u00e2t mai din timp s\u0103 cere\u021bi acest lucru, pentru ca ale\u0219ii locali s\u0103 vad\u0103 care sunt a\u0219tept\u0103rile voastre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Execu\u021biile bugetare lunare. Execu\u021biile bugetare trimestriale, Raportul semestrial, Raportul anual, Contul anual de execu\u021bie.<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Execu\u021biile bugetare lunare sunt publicate, \u00een circa 10-15 zile de la \u00eencheierea lunii, pe <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/extranet.anaf.mfinante.gov.ro\/anaf\/extranet\/EXECUTIEBUGETARA\/Rapoarte_Forexe\/!ut\/p\/a1\/hY_LDoIwEEW_xQVbOkAgxR0mBoJGJb6gG1OSUjDQklL5fsGwIoqzm8k5uXcQQSkigvYVp7qSgtbjTrxHiCOw_DPE4B0xBCfYRN5hZwOGAcgGAH5MADPfv4x-4iRb-2ZB6E7-AvAn_47IIhLaE7BQMUaE1zL_vJsFIncwR0SxgimmzJcazqXWbbc2wICmqAQVmplc9qaSBnxzStlplM5Q1DbXFJ5u3e-D1RvEsd_l\/dl5\/d5\/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sistemul Na\u021bional de Raportare<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ce poate fi accesat din sec\u021biunea de Transparen\u021b\u0103 Bugetar\u0103, din cadrul site-ului Ministerului Finan\u021belor. Documentele sunt disponibile \u00een format .xls, .pdf \u0219i .xml \u0219i pot fi desc\u0103rcate lunar \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu martie 2016. Datele pentru luna respectiv\u0103 cuprind execu\u021bia bugetar\u0103 \/ cum s-au cheltuit efectiv banii p\u00e2n\u0103 la data de \u00eenchidere (de exemplu, execu\u021bia bugetar\u0103 pe noiembrie 2020 cuprinde sumele agregate de la 1 ianuarie p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30 noiembrie).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aceste documente sunt importante, pentru c\u0103 ne arat\u0103 ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat, de fapt, \u00een realitate cu banii publici. De asemenea, execu\u021biile bugetare trebuie s\u0103 reflecte banii pl\u0103ti\u021bi pe achizi\u021bii publice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3>Raportul de audit<\/h3><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trebuie publicat oricum conform legii. De asemenea, ar trebui \u0219i \u00eentr-un format deschis. De obicei apare la o distan\u021b\u0103 mare de momentul \u00eencheierii anului bugetar (chiar \u0219i la aproape doi ani).<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><b>De ce e important: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00een rapoartele de audit ale Cur\u021bii de Conturi g\u0103sim analize mult mai detaliate \u0219i realizate de exper\u021bi care urm\u0103resc at\u00e2t partea de \u00eencadrare corect\u0103 a cheltuielilor \u0219i veniturilor bugetare \u00een documente, c\u00e2t \u0219i partea mai mare de urm\u0103rire a legii (\u0219i, uneori, de\u0219i destul de rar, avem inclusiv audit de performan\u021b\u0103). Este o bun\u0103 surs\u0103 pentru a \u00een\u021belege c\u00e2t de bun\u0103 este o institu\u021bie \u00een a respecta regulile de bugetare, dar \u0219i pe unde sunt suspiciuni c\u0103 banii au fost cheltui\u021bi incorect, risipi\u021bi sau chiar au fost pierdu\u021bi prin corup\u021bie sau alte fapte penale.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mai multe informa\u021bii despre cum cet\u0103\u021benii se pot implica \u00een procesul bugetar g\u0103se\u0219ti \u00een <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/funky.ong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ghid-de-transparenta-in-bugete-Funky-Citizens.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ghidul de transparen\u021b\u0103 pe bugete<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00cen plus, stai cu ochii pe <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/funky.ong\/dezvoltarea-capacitatii-de-advocacy-a-ong-in-politicile-fiscale-si-bugetare\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centrul de Monitorizare al Transparen\u021bei \u0219i Responsabilit\u0103\u021bii Fiscal-Bugetare<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, proiect \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia vom publica at\u00e2t materiale explicative despre cum s\u0103 navighezi prin bugetele publice, despre cum s\u0103 le \u00een\u021belegi \u0219i ce po\u021bi face cu ele, dar \u0219i modele de cereri pe care le po\u021bi trimite administra\u021biei publice.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Epilog<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transparen\u021ba bugetar\u0103 este, pentru mult\u0103 lume, un subiect greu de digerat \u0219i nu e de mirare, tocmai din cauza complexit\u0103\u021bii subiectului bugetar. \u00cens\u0103 transparen\u021ba nu e doar un principiu de lege care poate fi bifat doar prin publicarea unor documente. Evident, aceea este baza, \u00eens\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile care vor cu adev\u0103rat s\u0103 se deschid\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba cet\u0103\u021benilor vor face mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t. Depinde \u0219i de noi s\u0103 le cerem autorit\u0103\u021bilor deschidere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducere \u00een bugete \u0219i bani publici Despre ra\u021biunea de a fi a acestui mic ghid Bugetul nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie doar un document contabil, ci unul care relev\u0103 o viziune anume pentru viitor. Bugetul nu este a\u0219adar o alocare efectiv\u0103, ci mai degrab\u0103 o previziune pentru viitor. Formatul de prezentare a datelor bugetare este [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-577","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=577"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1392,"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577\/revisions\/1392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/republica.funky.ong\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}